Foreign Policy Institute

"In tandem with the globalization of Turkish economy and ever increasing contacts with large fairly large neighborhood, the Turkish Foreign Policy Institute believed that the preparation of a conspectus of Turkey's relations with her neighbors would be helpful, not only for developing better knowledge in our country but also for the growing importance Europe's neighborhood assuming for the European Union. The participation of the Polish Institute of International Relations in this endeavor through the contributions of their researchers has not only enlarged the content of this study but also helped to enlarge the area of study. Turkish contributors come from different Universities in Ankara with whom Turkish Foreign Policy Institute has close links."

The book is edited by Professor Mustafa Kibaroğlu of Bilkent University

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TURKEY'S NEIGHBORHOOD

 

TURKEY'S NEIGHBORHOOD ( 2211KB)
 

Foreword...................................................................................... 7
Seyfi Taşhan............................................................................... 7
Introduction................................................................................. 9
Mustafa Kibaroğlu....................................................................... 9
Part One: Select Country Studies........................................ 17
1. Bulgaria.................................................................................. 19
Birgül Demirtaş-Coşkun*.......................................................... 19
Introduction.............................................................................. 19
Bulgaria during the Cold War...................................................... 20
Bulgaria in the Post-Cold War Era.............................................. 23
Political Developments............................................................................... 23
Economic Developments............................................................................. 27
Bulgarian Foreign Policy............................................................ 29
Relations with Turkey................................................................ 37
Political Relations....................................................................................... 37
Economic Relations..................................................................................... 43
Conclusion............................................................................... 45
Bibliography............................................................................. 47
2. Ukraine................................................................................... 53
Hüseyin Oylupınar..................................................................... 53
A. Ukraine’s Submission and Revival......................................... 54
B.  Domestic Dynamics............................................................. 60
B.1 Developments and Trends in Ukrainian Politics............................. 60
B.2 Developments in the Economy............................................................ 65
B.3 Transformation of Society................................................................... 67
B.4 Transformation of Ukrainian Military.............................................. 70
C. External Dynamics............................................................... 74
C.1 Ukraine in International Politics....................................................... 74
C.2 Challenges of Ukrainian Foreign and Security Policy................. 75
D. Turkey and Ukraine in the Post Cold War Period..................... 84
Future Perspectives.................................................................. 89
3. Georgia................................................................................... 93
Özlen Çelebi.............................................................................. 93
Introduction.............................................................................. 93
Historical Determinants of the Relations between Turkey and Georgia          95
Cold War Politics...................................................................... 99
Current Affairs: Intersection of Interests.................................... 100
Georgian Politics in the Post-Cold War Period.................................. 100
Post-Cold War Politics and Impacts on Turkish Foreign Policy:.... 102
Turkey and Georgia................................................................. 104
Conclusion............................................................................. 108
4. Azerbaijan........................................................................... 111
Pınar İpek................................................................................ 111
Early Challenges for the Newly Independent Republic of Azerbaijan 112
The Karabakh Conflict and Domestic Politics:................................... 112
The Legal Status of the Caspian Sea:.................................................... 117
The Geopolitics of Oil and Pipelines:.................................................... 119
Recent Developments............................................................. 125
New Challenges for Stability in Azerbaijan and Policy Implications for Turkey           129
Bibliography............................................................................ 138
5. Iran........................................................................................ 143
Mustafa Kibaroğlu & Yasemin Nun......................................... 143
Introduction............................................................................ 143
The Rafsanjani Period............................................................. 144
The Khatami Period................................................................. 145
Economic Situation................................................................. 147
Foreign Policy......................................................................... 151
Iran and the NPT..................................................................... 155
Iran and the Caspian Sea Demarcation..................................... 155
Iran and Nagorno-Karabag........................................................ 157
Turkish-Iranian Relations......................................................... 158
Bibliography:........................................................................... 164
6. Iraq........................................................................................ 167
Tarık Oğuzlu............................................................................ 167
Introduction............................................................................ 167
Iraq during the Cold War years................................................. 168
Iraq in the 1990s..................................................................... 173
Iraq in the post 9/11 era........................................................... 175
Turkey and Iraq during the Cold War era................................... 176
Turkey and Iraq during the 1990s.............................................. 178
Turkey and Iraq in the During the US Occupation....................... 180
Conclusion............................................................................. 183
Bibliography............................................................................ 186
7.Syria...................................................................................... 189
Berna Süer.............................................................................. 189
Introduction............................................................................ 189
An Overview: Syria in the Cold War Years................................ 190
Syria in the Post-Cold War Era I: Hafız al-Asad Period............... 192
End of the Cold War and Syria............................................................... 192
The Gulf War and Syria............................................................................ 194
Syria in the Middle East Peace Process................................................ 196
Syrian and Turkey in the 1990s................................................ 198
Syria in the Post-Cold War Era II: Regime under Bashar Asad.... 203
Domestic Challenges and Opportunities............................................... 204
External Challenges and Opportunities................................................ 206
The Iraq War and Syria............................................................ 207
Syria and Lebanon.................................................................. 212
Syria and Turkey in the Bashar al-Asad Period.......................... 214
Conclusion............................................................................. 218
Bibliography............................................................................ 220
Part Two: European Perspectives.................................... 225
8. South Caucasus Political Issues – the EU and Turkish Perspective           227
Adam Szymanski.................................................................... 227
Introduction............................................................................ 227
European Union...................................................................... 227
Evolution of EU’s Interests in South Caucasus – Towards the Political Involvement      227
EU’s Interests vs. Initiatives..................................................................... 229
Constraints in Accomplishment of the EU’s Interests......................... 230
EU’s Future Role in South Caucasus..................................................... 231
Turkey................................................................................... 232
Foreign Policy Strategy........................................................... 232
Political Interests in South Caucasus and Their Accomplishment 234
Impact on Relations with the EU............................................... 237
Conclusion............................................................................. 238
Bibliography............................................................................ 240
9. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and Turkey... 243
Beata Wojna............................................................................ 243
Introduction............................................................................ 243
The Early Stages of European Policy on the Mediterranean Basin 244
The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership......................................... 246
The Outcomes of the 1995-2005 Co-operation........................... 248
The Main Areas of Co-operation Between Turkey and the EU in the Mediterranean Basin. Energy and Migration        253
Conclusions............................................................................ 257
Bibliography............................................................................ 259
10. Security Challenges of Ukraine and Moldova: The EU Perception            261
Adam Eberhardt, Lukasz Kulesa............................................ 261
Introduction............................................................................ 261
Historical Developments.......................................................... 262
Ukraine......................................................................................................... 262
Moldova....................................................................................................... 266
Security Problems of Ukraine and Moldova from the Perspective of Enlarged EU.    269
Ukraine......................................................................................................... 271
Moldova....................................................................................................... 273
Conclusions............................................................................ 275
Bibliography............................................................................ 277
11. EU External Energy Policy and Turkey..................... 279
Ernest Wyciszkiewicz............................................................. 279
Introduction............................................................................ 279
EU External Energy Policy in the Making.................................. 280
EU towards Turkey – two-track policy....................................... 288
Extending common regulatory framework.................................. 288
Turkey as a transit corridor...................................................... 290
Turkey as a regional political actor............................................ 293
Conclusion............................................................................. 295
Bibliography............................................................................ 296
12. Strategic and Security Issues in the Middle East: The Polish-European Perspective  299
Jan Bury.................................................................................. 299
Introduction............................................................................ 299
Place of Europe and Its Interests in the Middle East.................. 300
The Iraqi Nightmare................................................................. 302
EU versus the Region.............................................................. 303
Strategic Issues...................................................................... 304
Old and New Europe................................................................ 305
Conclusions............................................................................ 305
Conclusion.............................................................................. 309
Reşat Arım.............................................................................. 309

 
 

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